LINK TẢI LUẬN VĂN MIỄN PHÍ CHO AE KET-NOI
Phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến sự tuân thủ an toàn thực phẩm và các khuyến cáo cho chuỗi cung ứng thủy sản tại Việt Nam
It is recognized that the compliance with government regulations to seafood distribution chain in Vietnam has clear necessary and the enhancing food safety and preventing many cases of foodborne diseases. The barriers of implementing compliance were reviewed and the development of specific strategy recommendations addressed to each issue of compliance process. A compliance process model was applied and discussed the problems of seafood distribution chain. The compliance process model also used to analyse the data of interview to identified and develop recommendations for ways to overcome them. It was concluded that governments and professional trade bodies have a clear role to play in facilitating the implementation of compliance process within domestic distribution chain with less developed food safety management systems.
Keyword: seafood safety, seafood supply chain, seafood safety recommendation 1. INTRODUCTION
It is recognized that the compliance with government regulations to seafood distribution chain in Vietnam has clear necessary and the enhancing food safety and preventing many cases of foodborne diseases. While the compliance with regulations is making headway in large seafood export industries, the domestic seafood distribution chains have, for different reasons, experienced difficulties in implementing. However, the importance of enhancing food safety in distribution chain in strategies for preventing foodborne illnesses cannot be overemphasized. While not food exporters, domestic distribution chain have a strong impact on local and regional economies and a potentially immense impact on the health of local consumers and therefore national public health. The problems of implementing food safety compliance in distribution chain have been the subject of extensive discussions in Vietnam (MARD, 2008). National governments aim for indigenous small food businesses to thrive, but they must at the same time protect public health. To this end, it is important to develop a food safety policy and strategy for the implementation of compliance in domestic distribution chain. It has been recognized that there is a need to develop a strategy for implementing the seafood safety in Vietnamese distribution chain where the food safety management system is not fully developed and resources are scarce. The research acknowledged the need to work on facilitating and supporting the implementation of seafood compliance in Vietnamese distribution chain. The aim of this research including: the barriers of implementing compliance were reviewed and the development of specific strategy recommendations addressed to each issue of compliance process. A compliance process model (Henson & Heasman, 1998) was applied and discussed the problems of seafood distribution chain. The compliance process model also used to analyse the data of interview to identified and develop recommendations for ways to overcome them.
Objectives of this study
* Review the difficulties experienced when implementing compliance with government regulations.
34
* Consider the initiatives and approaches taken by different governments or sectors in assisting domestic distribution chain in implementing compliance with regulations.
* Define the role of governments and professional trade bodies in assisting domestic distribution chain in implementing compliance with regulations.
* Develop a strategy for implementing compliance in domestic distribution chain, considering different practical options.
2. METHODOLOGY
Step 1. Gather information
Information concerning the implementation of seafood safety mitigation actions should be obtained from both international sources and national sources.
* International sources: It is important to learn from the experiences of other countries and the published literature. E.g. Taiwan, Thailand, Australia.
* National sources: Information from seafood control agencies; involved departments of different ministries agricultural/health/economy; consumer’s organization. Review of literature: available documents related to national decrees, organizational mandates and national missions reports.
The information may be including:
- Economic and structural profile of the seafood industry; contribution to GDP, seafood business size profile, employment figures, skills and education of staff at all levels, level of quality assurance programs, including basic hygiene programs, availability of skilled personnel
- Seafood safety support structures; government, industry, third party.
- Internal pressures/strengths and challenges; legal requirements, political drivers, basic infrastructure, level of economic development, official seafood control structure, organization and resources, cultural considerations.
* Data of interview
- Semi-structured interview was undertaken within the work place with traders or owners of business. This allowed verified of questionnaire data obtained in surveys and explored fish business attitude and behavior toward a range of food safety issues; and
- A compliance assessment of the fishing ports, retail markets, and traders’ establishment and handler’s practices in chapter 4 was completed by the researcher in order to establish
current compliance levels and validate interview responses.
Step 2: Define barriers and difficulties
The potential barriers that impede the application of hazard mitigation action recommendations will be identified and defined.
The barriers may include: lack of government commitment; lack of customer and business demand; absence of legal requirements; finance constraints; human resource constraints; lack of
35
expertise and/or technical support; inadequate infrastructure and facilities; and inadequate communications.
An analysis of the information available can identify correlations between the barrier and the possible causes.
Step 3: Develop and select possible initiatives and approaches
Data was analysed using a theoretical compliance decision model adapted from work undertaken in large food manufacturing businesses (Henson & Heasman, 1998). This model breaks the compliance process into a series of steps seen to be undertaken by the business, starting with the identification and interpretation of regulations and establishment of whether existing business operations need to be altered. Where changes are required the business has to decide how to respond to this, communicate this information to staffs and implement the necessary steps. The compliance decision process is seen as a continual process, requiring evaluation and monitoring to maintain compliance. This model provided a useful analytical tool in evaluating the data obtained from seafood distribution chain, as well as highlighting the initiatives and approaches that Giúp to overcome the identified barriers will be developed based on;
Identify the role of different government agencies and other main stakeholders in the application of hazard mitigation action recommendations
Refer to information gathered at the start of this performing to ensure that initiatives and approaches are practical.
Focus on national requirements
Incorporate into the hazard mitigation action recommendations any identified incentives (e.g.
a province funding agency or schemes for promoting public health) already in place for the application of the recommendation).
Step 4: Draft initiatives and approaches and consult widely
After drafting initiatives and approaches based on the definition of the barriers and the best possible solutions or recommendations, a wide range of stakeholders such as food control agencies, seafood suppliers, involved departments of involved departments of different ministries agricultural/health/economy will be consulted.
Step 5: Modify and finalize initiatives and approaches
On the basis of information gathered from the consultation phase, it may be necessary to modify the recommendation.
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1. The challenges to compliance
Challenges within the Vietnamese seafood distribution chain Infrastructure and facilities
For many seafood traders or seafood suppliers, compliance means additional costs in upgrading facilities before the system is even applied. This can be an insurmountable barrier for some seafood
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Phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến sự tuân thủ an toàn thực phẩm và các khuyến cáo cho chuỗi cung ứng thủy sản tại Việt Nam
It is recognized that the compliance with government regulations to seafood distribution chain in Vietnam has clear necessary and the enhancing food safety and preventing many cases of foodborne diseases. The barriers of implementing compliance were reviewed and the development of specific strategy recommendations addressed to each issue of compliance process. A compliance process model was applied and discussed the problems of seafood distribution chain. The compliance process model also used to analyse the data of interview to identified and develop recommendations for ways to overcome them. It was concluded that governments and professional trade bodies have a clear role to play in facilitating the implementation of compliance process within domestic distribution chain with less developed food safety management systems.
Keyword: seafood safety, seafood supply chain, seafood safety recommendation 1. INTRODUCTION
It is recognized that the compliance with government regulations to seafood distribution chain in Vietnam has clear necessary and the enhancing food safety and preventing many cases of foodborne diseases. While the compliance with regulations is making headway in large seafood export industries, the domestic seafood distribution chains have, for different reasons, experienced difficulties in implementing. However, the importance of enhancing food safety in distribution chain in strategies for preventing foodborne illnesses cannot be overemphasized. While not food exporters, domestic distribution chain have a strong impact on local and regional economies and a potentially immense impact on the health of local consumers and therefore national public health. The problems of implementing food safety compliance in distribution chain have been the subject of extensive discussions in Vietnam (MARD, 2008). National governments aim for indigenous small food businesses to thrive, but they must at the same time protect public health. To this end, it is important to develop a food safety policy and strategy for the implementation of compliance in domestic distribution chain. It has been recognized that there is a need to develop a strategy for implementing the seafood safety in Vietnamese distribution chain where the food safety management system is not fully developed and resources are scarce. The research acknowledged the need to work on facilitating and supporting the implementation of seafood compliance in Vietnamese distribution chain. The aim of this research including: the barriers of implementing compliance were reviewed and the development of specific strategy recommendations addressed to each issue of compliance process. A compliance process model (Henson & Heasman, 1998) was applied and discussed the problems of seafood distribution chain. The compliance process model also used to analyse the data of interview to identified and develop recommendations for ways to overcome them.
Objectives of this study
* Review the difficulties experienced when implementing compliance with government regulations.
34
* Consider the initiatives and approaches taken by different governments or sectors in assisting domestic distribution chain in implementing compliance with regulations.
* Define the role of governments and professional trade bodies in assisting domestic distribution chain in implementing compliance with regulations.
* Develop a strategy for implementing compliance in domestic distribution chain, considering different practical options.
2. METHODOLOGY
Step 1. Gather information
Information concerning the implementation of seafood safety mitigation actions should be obtained from both international sources and national sources.
* International sources: It is important to learn from the experiences of other countries and the published literature. E.g. Taiwan, Thailand, Australia.
* National sources: Information from seafood control agencies; involved departments of different ministries agricultural/health/economy; consumer’s organization. Review of literature: available documents related to national decrees, organizational mandates and national missions reports.
The information may be including:
- Economic and structural profile of the seafood industry; contribution to GDP, seafood business size profile, employment figures, skills and education of staff at all levels, level of quality assurance programs, including basic hygiene programs, availability of skilled personnel
- Seafood safety support structures; government, industry, third party.
- Internal pressures/strengths and challenges; legal requirements, political drivers, basic infrastructure, level of economic development, official seafood control structure, organization and resources, cultural considerations.
* Data of interview
- Semi-structured interview was undertaken within the work place with traders or owners of business. This allowed verified of questionnaire data obtained in surveys and explored fish business attitude and behavior toward a range of food safety issues; and
- A compliance assessment of the fishing ports, retail markets, and traders’ establishment and handler’s practices in chapter 4 was completed by the researcher in order to establish
current compliance levels and validate interview responses.
Step 2: Define barriers and difficulties
The potential barriers that impede the application of hazard mitigation action recommendations will be identified and defined.
The barriers may include: lack of government commitment; lack of customer and business demand; absence of legal requirements; finance constraints; human resource constraints; lack of
35
expertise and/or technical support; inadequate infrastructure and facilities; and inadequate communications.
An analysis of the information available can identify correlations between the barrier and the possible causes.
Step 3: Develop and select possible initiatives and approaches
Data was analysed using a theoretical compliance decision model adapted from work undertaken in large food manufacturing businesses (Henson & Heasman, 1998). This model breaks the compliance process into a series of steps seen to be undertaken by the business, starting with the identification and interpretation of regulations and establishment of whether existing business operations need to be altered. Where changes are required the business has to decide how to respond to this, communicate this information to staffs and implement the necessary steps. The compliance decision process is seen as a continual process, requiring evaluation and monitoring to maintain compliance. This model provided a useful analytical tool in evaluating the data obtained from seafood distribution chain, as well as highlighting the initiatives and approaches that Giúp to overcome the identified barriers will be developed based on;
Identify the role of different government agencies and other main stakeholders in the application of hazard mitigation action recommendations
Refer to information gathered at the start of this performing to ensure that initiatives and approaches are practical.
Focus on national requirements
Incorporate into the hazard mitigation action recommendations any identified incentives (e.g.
a province funding agency or schemes for promoting public health) already in place for the application of the recommendation).
Step 4: Draft initiatives and approaches and consult widely
After drafting initiatives and approaches based on the definition of the barriers and the best possible solutions or recommendations, a wide range of stakeholders such as food control agencies, seafood suppliers, involved departments of involved departments of different ministries agricultural/health/economy will be consulted.
Step 5: Modify and finalize initiatives and approaches
On the basis of information gathered from the consultation phase, it may be necessary to modify the recommendation.
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3.1. The challenges to compliance
Challenges within the Vietnamese seafood distribution chain Infrastructure and facilities
For many seafood traders or seafood suppliers, compliance means additional costs in upgrading facilities before the system is even applied. This can be an insurmountable barrier for some seafood
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