kenshin7611
New Member
Download Đề tài How to translate some of the metaphors in Harry potter Books ( book 3 and book 7 ) into Vietnamese miễn phí
Table of contents
Acknowledgement . 1
Abstract . 2
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
I.1. Topic: . . 5
I.2. Rationale: . .5
I.3. Over view of the research: . .6
I.4.The purpose: . .6
I.5.The main points: . .7
1.6. Research duties and methods: . .8
CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW
II.1Translation: . . 9
II.1.1. Definition: . .9
II.1.2. Translation process and the translator: .10
II.1.2.1. Modeling translation process: . . 10
II.1.2.2. Translator: . .12
II.1.2.2.1.What is a translator? . . 12
II.1.2.2.2. Translator competence: . .13
II.1.3. Equivalence in translation: 14
II.1.3.1. Definitions of equivalence in translation: . .14
II.1.3.2. Types of equivalence: . .14
II.1.4. Translation methods: . .16
II.2 Metaphor: . .18
II.2.1. Definition: . .18
II.2.2 Types of metaphors: . .19
II.2.3. Recognizing a metaphor: .21
II.2.3.1. Metaphor and similes: .21
II.2.3.2. Metaphor and idioms: . 21
II.2.3.3. Analyzing a metaphor: .23
II.2.3.4 Problems in understanding and translating metaphors:. 25
II.3. Translating metaphors: .27
CHAPTER III: TRANSLATION OF METAPHORS IN HARRY POTTER BOOKS (BOOK 3 AND BOOK 7)
III.1.Reason for choosing Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: . . .32
III.2. Translation of dead metaphors in Harry Potter books 33
III.3. Translation of live metaphors in Harry Potter books .34
III.3.1. Reserving a metaphor: .39
III.3.2. Using target language equivalent metaphors and removing metaphoric imagery: . .40
CHAPTERIV: CONCLUSION
IV.1.Recapitulation: . .43
IV.2.Implications : . . .43
IV.3.Limitations : . .45
IV.4.Recommendations for the further research: . .45
References: . 47
Để tải bản DOC Đầy Đủ thì Trả lời bài viết này, mình sẽ gửi Link download cho
Tóm tắt nội dung:
aimed at in order to achieve the best equivalent effect.II.1.3.2. Types of equivalence
Basing on text meaning, Koller ( 1995) classifies equivalence in translation in five categories :
1. Denotative equivalence: source language and target language words refer to the same thing in the real world.
For example:
- Tomato (a soft fruit with a lot of juice and shinny red skin that is eaten as a vegetable either raw or cooked)
- Cµ chua ( mét lo¹i qu¶ mÒm, nhiÒu níc, vá bãng ®á, cã thÓ ¨n sèng hoÆc nÊu chÝn)
2. Connotative equivalence: in addition to denotative value, source and target language words should produce the same communicative values in the mind of native speakers of the two languages.
For example:
- Your Majesty.
- Mu«n t©u BÖ H¹!
3. Text- normative equivalence: source and target language words use the same or similar text types in their respective languages.
For example:
- Your faithfully,
- KÝnh th,
4. Pragmatic equivalence: source and target language words have the same effect on the reader or mainly aiming at the receiver to whom the translation is directed.
For example:
- She’s a cunning fox.
- Mô giµ quû quyÖt.
5. Formal equivalence: source and target language words have the same formal aesthetic features, orthographic or phonological features
For example:
- To be, or not to be: that’s the question (Shakespeare, Hamlet)
- Sèng hay kh«ng sèng-®ã lµ vÊn ®Ò
Nida and Taber (1982) views equivalence as merely two types:
Formal correspondence: focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content.
Dynamic equivalence: based on “ the principle of equivalent effect”
Meanwhile, Baker (1992) identifies equivalence in translation more comprehensively as equivalence at and above word level; grammatical equivalence; textual equivalence; and pragmatic equivalence
Though from theorists’ point of view equivalence could be categorized in different ways, it is the translator to decide when priority should be given to either form and meaning of the text to translate. This matter also concerns translation methods and procedures, which are discussed right in the next part.
II.1.4. Translation methods
Translation, as mentioned, is viewed as a process and a product. Translation methods provide translators with a theoretical background of how to translate in the most appropriate way. In other words, the final products are certainly different from each other in form, style, meaning and value. It is apparently the translator to have his own option among these methods so as to achieve the most satisfied final translation.
In translation studies, the translation methods suggested by Newmark( 1985, p.45-53) are highly appreciated. He introduces eight methods in the form of a flattened V diagram:
Source language emphasis Target language emphasis
Word-for–word translation Adaptation
Literal translation Free translation
Faithful translation Idiomatic translation
Semantic translation Communicative translation
Newmark explains word-for -word translation is “the interlinear translation” where “ the source language word-order is preserved and the words translated singly by their most common meanings, out of context” ( p.45-46). As for literal translation, “the source language grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest target language equivalents but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context” (p.46). Faithful translation “attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the constraints of the target language grammatical structures” (p.46). In other words, it transfers cultural words but preserves lexical and grammatical abnormality.
In the right wing emphasizing the target language, adaptation is “ the freest form of translation” (p.46), mostly used for plays, poetry and songs. Free translation by nature could be regared as in trailingual translation since it is usually a paraphrase much longer than the original text. Idiomatic translation also reproduces the message of the original text but “tends to distorts nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the original” (p.47)
Among these eight translation methods, semantic translation and communicative translation fulfill the two main aims of translation, which are, first, accuracy, and second, economy “(19995,p.47). Besides, they “treat the following items similarly : stock and dead metaphors, normal collocations, technical terms, slangs, colloquialisms, standard notices, phaticism, ordinary language”
However, there are clear differences between semantic and communicative translation. Semantic translation emphasizes the source language while communicative translation the target language. Hence, semantic translation is author-oriented, written at the author’s linguistic level and is used for “expensive” texts. . In semantic translation, the translator “follows the thought process of the author” , i.e being faithful to the author’s style, word choice, expression, etc
Meanwhile, communicative translation is reader-oriented, written at readers’ linguistic level and is used for “informative” and “vocative” texts. In communicative translation, author’s status is not significant. The importance lies in information conveyed and whether readers could understand it. The translator, therefore, is allowed to edit or correct the source language text if necessary, so that his translation is not only accurate but also comprehensible to general readers.
Bearing in mind characteristics of each translation methods could be very helpful for translators, particularly I the phase of synthesizing semantic meaning and re-expressing it into the target language.
II.2. Metaphor
II.2.1. Definitions
Metaphor is one of the literary devices, belong to figurative language. The longman Dictionary of Contemporary English says that: “when a word or phrase is used in a figurative way, it is used about something different from what it normally refers to, to give you a picture in your mind” ( Ldoce.1995, p.515) . So, in other words, metaphor or the figurative language is an imaginative comparison between two unlike object or is language that directly compares seemingly unrelated subjects. In the simplest case, this take the form : “ The [ first subject] is a [ second subject] “. More generally, a metaphor is a rhetorical trope that describes a first subject as being or equal to a second subject in some way.
According to An introduction to literary study written by Nguyen Trung Tanh, metaphor is the figure of speech expressing indirectly ( by implication not using as or like ) a resemblance in one or more points of an object in one class to an object of another class ( in general figurative language broadly ).
In linguistics, metaphor is one of the most conventional notions frequently mentioned with metonymy, synecdoche, hyperbole, litotes and irony, metaphor is traditionally defined as the hidden comparison, the transference of meaning, “ the transfer of a word or phrase to an anomalous context” or “ the transfer of concepts between domains or semantic fields” ( Backman 1991 ).
In the light of translation studies, Larson defines metaphors as grammatical forms which represent two propositions in the semantic structure, as any figurative expression: the transferred sense of physical word, the personification of an abstraction, the application of a word or collocation to what it does not literally denote.
In conclusion, metaphor is defined as the figurative language, which is an imaginative comparison between two unlike object, in which the characteristics of quanlities of one object are applied to the other or contrast them to one another, without using as or like .
For examples
"I am a rainbow" is an example of metaphor because it is comparing two nouns, a person, and a rainbow, but does not use like or as.
"I am not anger" is an example of metaphor because it is contrasting two nouns
If you give someone a cold stare or an icy look, it mean you took on the qualities of the winter to refer that you feel unfriendly and lack warmth toward them
If you say: “I’m afraid I’m at sea with his math problem” . It mean you are not good at math and completely nervous and do not know what to do with his math problem.
Therefore, metaphors are for the purpose of cognition and aesthetics and always concern illusion and imagination. He comes to conclusion that a metaphor is a kind of deception, often used to conceal an intention ( Newmark,1995, p.104)
II.2.2. Types of metaphor
There are a lot of ways to categorize the metaphors. The more commonly identified types of metaphor are that : extended metaphor, dead metaphor, and synechdochic m...