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CONTENT
TABLE OF CONTENT.1
INTRODUCTION.7
Unit 1: types of computers.8
Unit 2: Word proccessor.13
Unit 3: Computer hardware components.17
Unit 4: storage and memory.22
Unit 5: Computer software.27
Unit 6: operating system.31
Unit 7: programming language.35
Unit 8: netWORKS.40
Unit 9: information security.44
Unit 10: Ibm.49
REFERENCES.54
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AND to express similar ideas and BUT to express contrasting ideasE.g
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Silver conducts electricity very well, and copper is also a good conductor.
Silver conducts electricty well, but glass has very poor electrical property.
Exercise 7 Now join the following ideas with but or and
1. The paths may split off here and there, ………. they always for a line from the
negative to positive.
2. High voltage power lines are covered with thick layers of plastic to make them safe,
………… they become very dangerous when the line breaks and the wire is exposed.
3. The nearest band to one end of a resistor identifies the ‘first number’, ……… the
second band identifies a ‘second number’.
4. A conductor allows electrical current to pass easily through, ……….. an insulator
doesn't.
5. In a p-n diode, conventional current can flow from the p-type side to the n-type side
, ……….. it cannot flow in the opposite direction.
6. Diodes have two active electrodes between which the signal of interest may flow,
……… most are used for their unidirectional current property.
7. The track is usually rotary, ………. straight track versions are also available.
8. Such metals as copper, silver, and aluminum are excellent conductors, ………. such
insulators as diamond and glass are very poor conductors.
9. The resultant crystal has two distinct regions of n-type and p-type material, ……….
the boundary joining the two areas is known as an n-p junction.
10. In frequency modulation, the amplitude of the carrier wave is kept constant,
………….. the frequency is varied in proportion to the amplitude of the modulating
signal.
11. The 'Charge' is called the amount of stored electricity on the plates, ………. it is
proportional to the applied voltage and capacitor's 'capacitance'.
12. Active components are power sources, …………. passive components are
resistors, capacitors, microprocessors, transistors
13. Such metals as copper, silver, and aluminum are excellent conductors, ………
such insulators as diamond and glass are very poor conductor.
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Unit 4 storage and memory
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
Exercise 1 Match English terms and Vietnamese translations
English Vietnamese
1. temporary storage a. bộ lưu trữ dung lượng lớn
2. mass storage b. bộ lưu trữ ngoại tuyến
3. optical discs c. bộ lưu trữ sơ cấp
4. magnetic storage d. bộ lưu trữ thứ cấp
5. primary storage e. bộ nhớ
6. secondary storage f. cấu trúc
7. architecture of computers g. chuỗi
8. memory h. đa năng
9. drawback i. datum
10. datum j. đĩa quang
11. binary numeral system k. hạn chế
12. string l. hệ thống số nhị phân
13. versatile m. hiệu suất, sự vận hành
14. von Neumann machines n. máy tính Von Neumann
15. hierarchy o. sự cân bằng
16. tradeoff p. sự lưu trữ bằng từ tính
17. performance q. sự lưu trữ tạm thời
18. off-line storage r. trật tự
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Exercise 2 T.S 1 Listen and practice
1. temporary storage 7. architecture of computers 13. versatile
2. mass storage 8. memory 14. von Neumann machines
3. optical discs 9. drawback 15. hierarchy
4. magnetic storage 10. datum 16. tradeoff
5. primary storage 11. binary numeral system 17. performance
6. secondary storage 12. string 18. off-line storage
Exercise 3 T.S 2 Listen and complete the sentences by selecting the correct
word from the box to fill in the gap
mass storage temporary storage von Neumann machines
magnetic storage datum Tradeoff
primary storage binary numeral system String
1. …………………… is a visible clipboard, where the user stores temporary items
during editing.
2……………………, also known as main storage or memory, is the main area in a
computer in which data is stored for quick access by the computer's processor.
3. A digital computer represents each ……………… using the binary numeral system.
4. A …………….. is able to move over interstellar or interplanetary distances and to
utilize local materials to build new copies of itself.
5. A ……………… of bits or bytes, for example, may be used to represent data
retrieved from a communications medium.
T.S 2
1. Temporary Storage is a visible clipboard, where the user stores temporary items
during editing.
2. Primary storage, also known as main storage or memory, is the main area in a
computer in which data is stored for quick access by the computer's processor.
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3. A digital computer represents each datum using the binary numeral system.
4. A von Neumann machine is able to move over interstellar or interplanetary
distances and to utilize local materials to build new copies of itself.
5. A string of bits or bytes, for example, may be used to represent data retrieved from a
communications medium.
Listening
Exercise 4 T.S 3 Listen and decide whether the statements are true or false
1. Computer data storage, often called storage or memory, refers to computer
components, devices, and recording media that retain digital data used for
computing for some interval of time.
2. Computer data storage provides one of the core functions of the modern
calculator, that of information retention.
3. It is one of the fundamental components of all modern computers, and coupled
with a central processing unit (CPU, a processor), implements the basic
computer model used since the 1940s.
4. In contemporary usage, memory usually refers to a form of semiconductor
storage known as random access memory (RAM) and sometimes other forms
of fast but temporary storage.
5. Similarly, storage today more commonly refers to mass storage - optical discs,
forms of magnetic storage like hard disks, and other types slower than RAM,
but of a more permanent nature.
6. Historically, memory and storage were respectively called primary storage and
secondary storage.
7. The contemporary distinctions are helpful, because they are also fundamental
to the architecture of computers in particular.
8. As well, they reflect an important and significant technical similarities between
memory and mass storage devices, which has been blurred by the historical
usage of the term storage.
reading
Exercise 5: Choose a suitable word in the box to fill in the gap.
Von Neumann machines storage string hierarchy
Processor computer
versatile system
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Purpose of storage
Various forms of ……………(1) , based on various natural phenomena, have been
invented. So far, no practical universal storage medium exists, and all forms of storage
have some drawbacks. Therefore a computer …………… (2) usually contains several
kinds of storage, each with an individual purpose.
A digital computer represents each datum using the binary numeral system. Text,
numbers, pictures, audio, and nearly any other form of information can be converted
into a ………………(3) of bits, or binary digits, each of which has a value of 1 or 0.
The most common unit of storage is the byte, equal to 8 bits. A piece of information
can be handled by any computer whose storage space is large enough to accommodate
the binary representation of the piece of information, or simply data. For example,
using eight million bits, or about one megabyte, a typical computer could store a small
novel.
Traditionally the most important part of every computer is the central processing unit
(CPU, or simply a ……………(4) ), because it actually operates on data, performs any
calculations, and controls all the other components.
Without significant amount of memory, a ………………(5) would merely be able to
perform fixed operations and immediately output the result. It would have to be
reconfigured to change its behaviour. This is acceptable for devices such as desk
calculators or simple digital signal processors. ………………(6) differ in that they
have a memory in which they store their operating instructions and data. Such
computers are more ………………(7) in that they do not need to have their hardware
reconfigured for each new program, but can simply be reprogrammed with new in-
memory instructions; they also tend to be simpler to design, in that a r...