Link tải luận văn miễn phí cho ae Kết nối
Abstract. The aim of this work was to analyze the Power of Exclusion (PE) in paternity
investigation cases from Federal District of Brazil (Center–West region of Brazil) using a local
population sample (n =917) in comparison with Promega Corporation published databank, both for
18 autossomic STR loci. For this purpose, we analyzed 311 cases where the alleged father was
excluded. The expected and observed values in the exclusion cases were compared by locus and by
multiplex system. The values of v2 show a P higher than 0.05 for each locus, except TPOX and
D16S539 (0.05NP N0.01), where the observed number of exclusions was higher than the expected
ones. The a priori Exclusion Probability to each locus did not differ significantly between the two
databases, suggesting that, in the absence of a database population-specific, another databank can be
used as reference for estimates of PE and Probability of Paternity, considering similar ancestry in
both populations composition, which is the case of Brazil and the United States. D 2005 Elsevier
B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Power of exclusion; Autossomic short tandem repeat locus; Brazilian population
1. Introduction
In a classical analysis of genetic relationship, one of the useful parameters is the Power
of Exclusion (PE)—the power of a genetic marker in excluding a non-related individual,
chosen by chance in a specific population, as an alleged father in a paternity investigation.
The paternity PE is the expected average probability that a polymorphic locus shows the
exclusion of a man without kinship with the biological father. This index depends on the
informative content of a locus, which depends on its number of alleles and its respective
frequencies. From the probabilities of exclusion of several loci, it is possible to calculate
the Combined PE (PEC), by simple multiplication of the values for each locus. The value
of PEC is function of the examined loci number, as well as of the informative content of
each locus. The knowledge of the PE and the PEC can define the loci to be used in an
analysis of genetic relationship [1]. Microsatellite loci are usually adopted by its high
polymorphism, which allows the individualization of a person when combined.
The purposes of this work were: (1) analyze the PE of 18 STR (short tandem repeat)
loci, included in three commercial multiplex systems–PowerPlexR 1.1 (PP1.1) [2],
PowerPlexR 2.1 (PP2.1) [3] and FFFL [4]–employed by the Instituto de Pesquisa de DNA
Forense (IPDNA) of the Judiciary Police of the Federal District of Brazil in paternity
cases; (2) analyze the PE of these multiplex systems employing two databanks: IPDNA [5]
and North-American sample databank (Promega Corporation).
2. Material and methods
The IPDNA databank consists of 917 non-related individuals, representing a random
sample of the Federal District (Middle–West region of Brazil, where the country capital is
located). The analyzed samples were obtained from paternity investigation cases (only the
parents’ genotypes were considered) and criminal investigation from the Federal District
Justice. Three multiplex amplification systems were used: PP 1.1, PP 2.1 and FFFL (in a
total of 18 STR loci: Penta E, D18S51, D21S11, D3S1358, FGA, vWA, D16S539,
D7S820, D5S818, D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, D5S818, CSF1PO, F13A01, FESFPS,
F13B e LPL) [5].
From 1188 paternity investigation cases with established trio evaluated, 311 resulted in
the alleged father exclusion, each with at least 3 non-inclusion events. The times that each
locus contributed in the exclusion characterization (observed exclusions) was compared
with the expected ones based on the PE of each locus (established from the databases). In
consequence of the interval range of the sample collections, the number of cases where
each genetic marker was analyzed showed variation.
In the paternity inquiries, the IPDNA searchs a PE (as well as the Probability of
Paternity) of at least 99.99%. For such a way, the minimum of regions needed was
analyzed to reach such values, according to the multiplex systems (PP1.1, PP2.1 and
FFFL), separately, two by two and all three together. The a priori PE was obtained using
the formula: PE= h2[1 2h(1 h)2] [6], where h is the observed frequency of
heterozygotes in the Federal District databank sample (n =917) [5]. The PE gotten for
each locus was compared with the values of the Promega Corporation [2–4]. The expected
exclusions, estimated using the PE for each locus and for each multiplex system, had been
compared with the observed ones in all exclusion cases, using the chi-square test from
both population samples.
3. Results and discussion
According to the results (full data available under request to the corresponding author), the a
priori Probability of Exclusion for each locus did not differ significantly between the two databanks
[2–5]. It seems viable, therefore, when there is no specific databank for the studied population, the
use of another one whose composition is similar in terms of ethnic origin, without significant
variation in the results.
Do Drive thay đổi chính sách, nên một số link cũ yêu cầu duyệt download. các bạn chỉ cần làm theo hướng dẫn.
Password giải nén nếu cần: ket-noi.com | Bấm trực tiếp vào Link để tải:
Abstract. The aim of this work was to analyze the Power of Exclusion (PE) in paternity
investigation cases from Federal District of Brazil (Center–West region of Brazil) using a local
population sample (n =917) in comparison with Promega Corporation published databank, both for
18 autossomic STR loci. For this purpose, we analyzed 311 cases where the alleged father was
excluded. The expected and observed values in the exclusion cases were compared by locus and by
multiplex system. The values of v2 show a P higher than 0.05 for each locus, except TPOX and
D16S539 (0.05NP N0.01), where the observed number of exclusions was higher than the expected
ones. The a priori Exclusion Probability to each locus did not differ significantly between the two
databases, suggesting that, in the absence of a database population-specific, another databank can be
used as reference for estimates of PE and Probability of Paternity, considering similar ancestry in
both populations composition, which is the case of Brazil and the United States. D 2005 Elsevier
B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Power of exclusion; Autossomic short tandem repeat locus; Brazilian population
1. Introduction
In a classical analysis of genetic relationship, one of the useful parameters is the Power
of Exclusion (PE)—the power of a genetic marker in excluding a non-related individual,
chosen by chance in a specific population, as an alleged father in a paternity investigation.
The paternity PE is the expected average probability that a polymorphic locus shows the
exclusion of a man without kinship with the biological father. This index depends on the
informative content of a locus, which depends on its number of alleles and its respective
frequencies. From the probabilities of exclusion of several loci, it is possible to calculate
the Combined PE (PEC), by simple multiplication of the values for each locus. The value
of PEC is function of the examined loci number, as well as of the informative content of
each locus. The knowledge of the PE and the PEC can define the loci to be used in an
analysis of genetic relationship [1]. Microsatellite loci are usually adopted by its high
polymorphism, which allows the individualization of a person when combined.
The purposes of this work were: (1) analyze the PE of 18 STR (short tandem repeat)
loci, included in three commercial multiplex systems–PowerPlexR 1.1 (PP1.1) [2],
PowerPlexR 2.1 (PP2.1) [3] and FFFL [4]–employed by the Instituto de Pesquisa de DNA
Forense (IPDNA) of the Judiciary Police of the Federal District of Brazil in paternity
cases; (2) analyze the PE of these multiplex systems employing two databanks: IPDNA [5]
and North-American sample databank (Promega Corporation).
2. Material and methods
The IPDNA databank consists of 917 non-related individuals, representing a random
sample of the Federal District (Middle–West region of Brazil, where the country capital is
located). The analyzed samples were obtained from paternity investigation cases (only the
parents’ genotypes were considered) and criminal investigation from the Federal District
Justice. Three multiplex amplification systems were used: PP 1.1, PP 2.1 and FFFL (in a
total of 18 STR loci: Penta E, D18S51, D21S11, D3S1358, FGA, vWA, D16S539,
D7S820, D5S818, D16S539, D7S820, D13S317, D5S818, CSF1PO, F13A01, FESFPS,
F13B e LPL) [5].
From 1188 paternity investigation cases with established trio evaluated, 311 resulted in
the alleged father exclusion, each with at least 3 non-inclusion events. The times that each
locus contributed in the exclusion characterization (observed exclusions) was compared
with the expected ones based on the PE of each locus (established from the databases). In
consequence of the interval range of the sample collections, the number of cases where
each genetic marker was analyzed showed variation.
In the paternity inquiries, the IPDNA searchs a PE (as well as the Probability of
Paternity) of at least 99.99%. For such a way, the minimum of regions needed was
analyzed to reach such values, according to the multiplex systems (PP1.1, PP2.1 and
FFFL), separately, two by two and all three together. The a priori PE was obtained using
the formula: PE= h2[1 2h(1 h)2] [6], where h is the observed frequency of
heterozygotes in the Federal District databank sample (n =917) [5]. The PE gotten for
each locus was compared with the values of the Promega Corporation [2–4]. The expected
exclusions, estimated using the PE for each locus and for each multiplex system, had been
compared with the observed ones in all exclusion cases, using the chi-square test from
both population samples.
3. Results and discussion
According to the results (full data available under request to the corresponding author), the a
priori Probability of Exclusion for each locus did not differ significantly between the two databanks
[2–5]. It seems viable, therefore, when there is no specific databank for the studied population, the
use of another one whose composition is similar in terms of ethnic origin, without significant
variation in the results.
Do Drive thay đổi chính sách, nên một số link cũ yêu cầu duyệt download. các bạn chỉ cần làm theo hướng dẫn.
Password giải nén nếu cần: ket-noi.com | Bấm trực tiếp vào Link để tải:
You must be registered for see links